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Citation Management

tools and tips for formatting references and manuscripts
The examples below show how to cite different resources in the References or Works Cited section of your manuscript.

 

In APA 7th edition, references are organized by the first author's last name in alphabetic (A-Z) order. Use a hanging indent to separate each citation.

 

In AMA 11th edition, references are listed in numerically, in the order in which they were cited in the manuscript. Each item should be single-spaced.

 

In MLA 9th edition, Works Cited are organized by the first author's last name in alphabetic (A-Z) order. Use a hanging indent to separate each citation.

Books & Book Chapters

APA 7th
  Format Example
Book Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. DOI (if available) Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.
     
Chapter Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Otu, C. G., Andropoulos, D. B., & Mossad, E. B. (2023). Anesthetic Agents and Their Cardiovascular Effects. In D. Andropolous, E. Mossad, & E. Gottlieb (Eds.), Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease (pp. 190-210). John Wiley & Sons. https://10.1002/9781119791690.ch10

 

AMA 11th
  Format Example
Book Author AA, Author BB. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Edition.  Name of publisher; Year of publication. Gest TR. Lippincott Atlas of Anatomy. 2nd ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2020.
E-book Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Edition. Name of publisher; Year of publication. Date accessed. URL Miller WM, Rollnick S. Motivational Interviewing : Helping People Change and Grow. 4th ed. The Guilford Press; 2023. Accessed September 7, 2023. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,sso&db=nlebk&AN=3631133&site=ehost-live
Chapter    

 

MLA 9th
  Format Example
Book Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Date. Brown, Brene. Dare to Lead: Brave work, tough conversations, whole hearts. Random House, 2018. 
E-book LastName, Firstname and Firstname Last Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year. Database or Source, URL. Miller, William and Stephen Rollnick. Motivational Interviewing : Helping People Change and Grow. The Guilford Press, 2023. EBSCOhost, https://​​​​​​​search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,sso&db=nlebk&AN=3631133&site=ehost-live.
Chapter Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Date. Otu, Chinedu G. et al. "Anesthetic Agents and Their Cardiovascular Effects." Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease, edited by Dean B. Andropoulos, Emad B. Mossad, and Erin A. Gottlieb, John Wiley & Sons, 2023, pp.190 - 210. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119791690.ch10 

 

Journal Articles

APA 7th
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of the article in sentence case. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), pages. URL or DOI if available
Ashing‐Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J., Wright, K., Coscarelli, A., Clayton, S., Williams, I., & Hills, D. (2004). Understanding the breast cancer experience of women: A qualitative study of African American, Asian American, Latina and Caucasian cancer survivors. Psycho‐Oncology, 13(6), 408-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.750
AMA 11th
Lastname FirstInitial, Lastname First Initial. Title of article in sentence case. Journal abbreviation according to NLM Journals database. Year;Volume(Issue):page range.

 

O'Keefe M, Coat S. Consulting parents on childhood obesity and implications for medical student learning. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009;45(10):573-576.
MLA 9th

 

Websites & Webpages

APA 7th
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL 
or
Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Be as specific as possible with date. If no date given, use (n.d.)
 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, April 18). HPV vaccine information for young women. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-vaccine-young-women.htm 
MLA 9th
Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Page or Article." Website Name, Day Month Year, URL. Accessed Day Month Year.
If no author, start with title of web page.
Rappaport, Jennifer. "Styling Title of Online Works." MLA Style Center, Dec. 2017, https://style.mla.org/styling-online-works/. Accessed 06 Sept. 2023.

Conference Abstract, Poster, or Presentation

APA 7th
Presenter Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day-Day). Presentation title [Format]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL of website.
Cacioppo, S. (2019, April 25–28). Evolutionary theory of social connections: Past, present, and future [Conference presentation abstract]. Ninety-ninth annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Pasadena, CA, United States. https://westernpsych.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/WPA-Program-2019-Final-2.pdf
Akamine, A. H. (2019, June 10–15). Immunopathology lab work [Poster presentation]. 24th World Congress of Dermatology, Milan, Italy. https://www.wcd2019milan-dl.org/news-from-wcd2019/wcd-final-programme-WEB.pdf
MLA 9th
Last Name, First Name. “Conference Paper Title.” Conference Title that Includes Conference Date and Location, edited by Conference Editor(s), Publisher, Date of Publication.

Lecture or Presentation

APA 7th
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Lecture or presentation title [Format]. URL of website.
Byrns, M.M. (2023, May). Demystifying APA citation [PowerPoint slides]. Inova Health Sciences Library Introduction to          Citation Management Canvas: https://inova.instructure.com/

Lippincott Procedures

APA 7th
Title of entry in sentence case. (Year, Month Day). Lippincott Procedures. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://procedures.lww.com
 
Swallowing assessment. (2023, December 11). Lippincott Procedures. Retrieved August 21, 2024, from https://procedures.lww.com

UpToDate

APA 7th
Bordeaux, B., & Lieberman, H. R. (2020). Benefits and risks of caffeine and caffeinated beverages. UpToDate. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benefits-and-risks-of-caffeine-and-caffeinated-beverages

Reports

APA 7th
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Year, Month Date). Title of the report or document in sentence case. Parent agencies or organizations. URL, if available.
Environmental Protection Agency. (2023, April). Climate Change and Children’s Health and Well-Being in the United States. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 430-R-23-001. https://www.epa.gov/cira/climate-change-and-childrens-health-report